This soil allowed the ancient Egyptian to grow crops. The crops needed water to grow. These early people invented a system of canals that they dug to irrigate their crops. They also built gates into these canals so that they could control the flow of water. They built reservoirs to hold water supplies in case of drought. Shadoofs: The ancient Egyptians also used water wheels. The water wheels worked the shadoofs. A shadoof was simply a counterweight system, a long pole with a bucket on one end and a weight on the other.

Buckets were dropped into the Nile, filled with water, and raised with water wheels. Then oxen swung the pole so that the water could be emptied into narrow canals or waterways that were used to irrigate the crops. It was a clever system, and it worked very well.

Nilometers: They also invented what is called a nilometer. A nilometer was used to predict flood levels. This instrument was a method of marking the height of the Nile over the years. Nilometers were spaced along the Nile River. They acted as an early warning system, alerting these early people that waters were not as high as usual, so they could prepare for a drought or for unusually high flood waters. Because the flooding of the Nile was so important to these ancient people, nilometers were permanent structures and well constructed so that any prediction of flooding, or lack of it, would be as accurate as possible.

Egyptian Irrigation. Farming in Ancient Egypt. For 5, years - Nile Valley Basin Irrigation. Reference work entry First Online: 27 March How to cite. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Bowman, A. Agriculture in Egypt: Pharaonic to modern times. Rogan Eds.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar. Brown, N. Past and Present, , — CrossRef Google Scholar. Butzer, K. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt: A study in cultural ecology. Sargon's son Sennacherib also developed waterworks by damming the Tebitu River and using a canal to bring water to Nineveh, where the water could be used for irrigation without hoisting devices.

During high water in the spring, overflows were handled by a municipal canebrake that was built to develop marshes used as game preserves for deer and wild boar, and birch-breeding areas. When this system was outgrown, a new canal, nearly 19 kilometers 30 miles long, was built, with an aqueduct that had a layer of concrete or mortar under the upper layer of stone to prevent leakage. During the earliest years of canal irrigation in Mexico, the technology changed little, as there are very few remains of these systems.

The technological achievements were not very great prior to around to B. Storage dams were constructed of blocks mortared together as opposed to the earlier ones constructed of loosely piled rocks. Some of the spillways were improved, and floodgates were used in some spillways. Some of the dams could even be classified as arch dams. The canals were modified somewhat during this time. Different cross-sectional areas were used, and some were lined with stone slabs.

During this time, crops were irrigated with more carefully controlled water as opposed to the earlier methods of somewhat haphazard flooding. Between and B. The channelization of streambeds, along with the excavation of canals and the construction of dams, was probably the most significant.

In a brief period, the technology of canal irrigation improved significantly; however, the technology stopped developing after B. Around C. The Hohokam and the Chaco regional systems stand out as two of the major prehistoric developments in the American Southwest.

These two systems expanded over broad geographic areas of similar size the Hohokam in Arizona and the Chacoans in New Mexico. These systems were of the similar time period but seemed to have developed and functioned independently, with little interaction. The Chaco and the Hohokam systems evolved in quite different environments, having considerably different irrigation infrastructure. These Hohokam Indian canal builders were given the name later by the Pima Indians. Even though the Indians of Arizona began limited farming nearly 3, years ago, the construction of the Hohokam irrigation systems probably did not begin until a few centuries C.

It is unknown who originated the idea of irrigation in Arizona, whether it was local technology or introduced to them from cultures in Mexico. A major flood in ultimately destroyed the canal networks, resulting in movement of the people.

Canal use was either quite limited or entirely absent among the Pima Indians, who were the successors to the Hohokams Indians.

A square piece of land containing the same area could be worked to much greater advantage. The accompanying map Pl. VII shows the subdivisions of the farm- ing lands of the village of Talbia, near Cairo. The holdings are small in the neighborhood of this village and the land is quite productive.

The areas of ten farms, selected more or less at random, ranged from 0. Any small district throughout which the productiveness aind there- fore the rate of taxation is unusually uniform is known as a hod. The farms of each hod are numbered independently. The official records therefore may refer to farm No. The maps compiled from government surveys show the farms and hods with their numbers, permitting any particular farm to be identi- fied.

Fences are not provided along farm boundaries, as they would occupy too much land. In the surveys for the finance ministry, villages are mapped inde- pendently. It is almost impossible to make up from these separate surveys a general map showing a number of villages, as the boundaries of the villages are irregular and discrepancies always occur in approx- imate work of this kind.

A survey of the boundary between two villages defined by a canal or other water course may be made during the season of high water. At the time it may be impossible to locate the water channel accurately on the map. If the adjoining village be surveyed during low water, it is easy to see that maps made from the surveys would not fit when applied to each other. Outside of these surveys, the Government possesses little information regarding the topography of the country.

Under the French occupation some general surveys were made, but no monuments were established. The English engineers are making 30 a survey of Egypt and are establishing monuments in some cases. It is doubtful whether these will have any great permanent value as they are not tied to guide meridians or standard parallels.

The lack of monuments in the surveys of the villages makes it necessary for the farmers in the districts inundated to resurvey their lands after each subsidence of the water.

A few permanent monuments may always be found in the villages and from these the rest of the land is laid out.

The work is repeated until a majority are satisfied that the land has been properly measured. It would cost the farmer only 5 or 10 cents per stone to establish permanent monuments at the corners of his farm, but so fixed has become the custom of remeasuring the land each year that it is preferred to a more convenient system. English engineers in the survey department are handicapped not only by their inability to secure the best kind of assistance in the field, but by existing surveys recognized by the native farmer.

The Egyptian has a special formula for computing the area of land to which he adheres with a steadfastness which would be praise- worthy in a better cause.

For instance, when a triangular piece of ground is to be surveyed, only the lengths of the sides are taken. To compute the area the lengths of two adjacent sides are added, the sum is divided by 2, and this quotient is multiplied by the length of the remaining side divided by 2. If the figure happens to be a quadri- lateral, the two opposite sides are added together and divided by 2 and the quotient is multiplied by the two remaining sides added together and divided by 2.

Putting the formula in. The formula for the area of a triangle never gives accurate results. The formula for a quadrilateral is correct only when the figure is a rectangle. A few years ago an investigation was made to determine the average size of the land holdings in Egypt. At the same time considerable information was gathered regarding the number of farms and as to whether the owners were natives or foreigners.

It was found that foreigners owned 5, farms, having a total area of , acres. The average size of these farms was therefore There were 22, farms owned by natives who, having considerable influ- ence, had secured titles to large areas under the conditions prevail- ing prior to the occupation of the English.

These people held 1,, acres, the average size of the holdings. There were ,S10 farms belonging to the peasantry. They owned 2,, acres, making the average size of their holdings 5.

The total number of farms in Egypt was 53Q-, The total culti- vated area exclusive of state lands and the area administered by the Daira Sanieh was 4, The average size of an Egyptian farm was therefore 8. The total population of Egypt at the time the census was taken was 6,,, so that one person in twelve was a landowner, while 80 per cent of the landholders owned less than 10 acres each.

The cost of raising different crops, as well as the yield of the same, varies greatly throughout Egypt. Crops grown in the winter on lands employing the basin system of irrigation can be matured much cheaper than those grown under perennial irrigation where water must be lifted.

In the best agricultural districts of Upper Egypt sugar cane-is the most valuable crop. If the land is rented the tenant probably pays from one-third to one-half of the crop to the owner. The principal crops grown there in order of their importance are sugar cane, cotton, wheat, Indian corn, millet, vegetables, beans, 32 and clover.

Some fruit is grown, especially in the Faum, w oranges, lemons, limes, olives, etc. In the southern half of the delta sugar cane is grown principi. The cost of raising the cane there is about t same as in Upper Egypt, but the net profit derived from the ground is about twice as great. Fruits of different kinds are among the most A profitable crops of this portion of Egypt. The date is grown exten-iI sively, and a special tax is levied on this fruit.

When a tree is t down another must be planted in its place. Considerable land is devote to the growing of different vegetables. While some cotton is grown in the northern half of the delta, this'ii portion of Egypt must be regarded as essentially a rice district.

Much of the rice grown in this portion of Egypt is planted on ground which is being reclaimed and put Indian co barley, wheat, and clover are the other crops grown in the north portion of the delta.

Some fruit is produced in the vicinity of th towns and villages. Originally all of the agricultural lands along the Nile, except narrow strip, depended upon the flood of the river for irrigation. But one crop could be grown each year, and this in the winter time. Dur- ing the remainder of the year the land remained fallow. Most of thej. If the Nile failed rise sufficiently high to furnish water for the basins, consider suffering resulted.

If the river was too high, embankments wo break, levees would be washed away, and widespread desolation w result. It was not only necessary to fill the basins with water, bu If the land failed to receive the deposit of red mud, thel'.

Emptying the basins was even more difficult:th:n filling them. The lower basins had to be emptied first, dr, if igood. S Deot.

O'f ce rr E o' S'atinr. Irr'g3'"n In Ies ';a'-7 ns. FIG 1. If one of the embankments of an upper basin broke, it meant devastation to everything below.

The basins could not be emptied until the Nile began to recede, and there was nearly as much danger in having the flood continue too long as in not having a suffi cient supply of water. This system has survived to the present time.

While the basins first laid out were crude, they have developed after many years of experience into well-regulated systems.

Expensive regulators have been constructed and canals have been made large enough to carry water to supply the land they were intended to serve. The escapes into the Nile have been perfected.

The land near the Nile is above the level of the adjoining farms tig. For this reason it is difficult to fill the basins near the Nile embankments. The grade of the Nile varies from one-half to one-third of a foot per mile. Owing to this slight fall the canals have to be quite large, because their grade must be less than that of the river. Even under the most favorable conditions they can not gain more than :a small fraction of a FEET 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, a 10 FIG.

When a canal reaches the edge of the desert, or. The second canal proceeds in the same way and siphons under the third. By this system canals can be made to serve the entire area of agricultural land. VIII shows a portion of the Nile Valley in the province of Keneh where the river has a general course from east to west. The strip of irrigated land, bounded by right lines. It will be seen that the Rannan Canal heads at the right.

The latter canal is on a higher line at their intersection and waters the elevated lands along the berm of the Nile for 12 miles below the siphon. The Rannan Canal continues westerly and soon covers all the land to the border of the desert. Just No. The basin boundaries are shown by dotted lines.

The canal and basin system on the north side of the river are also shown. There are small areas here and there in Upper Egypt which are irrigated from wells, but the larger part of the land is still flooded by the Nile and enriched by its sediment, as it has been for thousands of years past.

But this ancient system of irrigation has one great drawback-but one crop can be raised each year, while all other conditions, except the water supply, favor the raising of several crops.

Recognizing this, Mohammed Ali in began reforms looking to the supplying of water to crops during the whole year. The great barrage at the head of the delta was begun in , as a part of the plans for peren- nial irrigation.

The first perennial canals were in the delta and the Fayum, but the system is being gradually extended to the south, the country between Cairo and Assiut being in a state of transition, and the recent great works at Assuan and Assiut being for the purpose of increasing the area supplied with water throughout the year.

The returns from the soil have been greatly increased by the adop- tion of perennial irrigation. However, this system is accompanied with certain drawbacks. Only by the old flood-irrigation system can the land receive any considerable amount of rich Nile silt, and when two or three crops per year are taken from the ground the soil deteri- orates quite rapidly. Artificial fertilizers are necessary, and these. The principal supply of fertilizer at present is from the ruins of old towns and villages.

This is simply the Nile deposit which has been used in times past in the manufacture of brick for the construction of houses, impregnated with more or less fertiliz- ing matter derived from the village wastes. Long lines of camels may be seen carrying this material to the farms. IX, fig. Sometimes it is to be transported 10 or 15 miles or farther, each camel carrying about pounds, distributed between two wicker panniers thrown across his back.

As has just been pointed out, there are at the present time two kinds of canals in Egypt. First, the perennial canals of the delta, which date from the time of Mohammed Ali; the Ibraimia canal, and the canals of the Fayum, built like those in the United States, with the idea of receiving water throughout the year or whenever crops need irrigation. The water of these canals generally runs below the level of the irrigated lands. Second, the flood canals, for filling the.

These supply all the basins in that province during the flood season. The only area watered throughout the year is a narrow strip bordering the Nile and other water courses carrying a supply at all times. In the province of Keneh there are 8 canals taking water from the west bank of the river and 13 diverting water from the east bank. In the province of Girgeh 11 canals divert water from the left and 5 from the right bank. Among those on the left bank is the great Sohagia Canal, one of the oldest water channels in Egypt.

It supplies , acres of land. At its lower extremity the Yusef Canal begins, being a continu- ation of the Sohagia. So ancient are these channels that they have lost much of their resemblance to the canals of to-day and are now con- sidered natural channels. They are very tortuous, and run at but slightly higher levels than the Nile.

At its head the Sohagia is feet wide on the bottom, feet wide on top, and carries a maxi- mum of 18 feet of water in depth. Its discharge is about 15, cubic feet per second.

The canal is separated by embankments from the first basins it supplies. In the basins farther north the canal embankments are omitted. Here the canal is not a boundary line between basins, but flows through each. The length of the canal is about 60 miles. Just below its point of diversion from the river an immense masonry head gate has been erected. It is many times too large for the volume of water carried by the canal, and it would look much more in keeping with the surroundings if the canal were two or three times larger.

The head gate contains archways, each of which is nearly 10 feet wide. The foundation, which rests upon sand and gravel mixed with Nile mud, is feet wide and 61 feet thick. The superstructure is of brick, except the corner. The piers are g4 feet thick, and are about 20 feet high from the foundation to the springing line of the arch- ways. The discharge is regulated by raising or lowering flashboards by means of a winch carried on a car running along the top of the structure.

The basins filled by the canal are emptied at an escape not far from Assiut. Until recently they were drained by simply making a cut in the basin dike, permitting the water to flow back into the Nile.

This was a very dangerous and destructive practice and has been reformed by the installation of a masonry escape. In the province of Assiut two canals divert water from the left and eight from the right bank of the river. On the left bank there are also six laterals of the Ibraimia Canal.

The Ibraimia Canal was never supplied with a head gate until recently, when the construction of the Assiut dam made it necessary that the discharge of the canal be controlled at Assiut, where immense masonry 36 regulators and division gates have been put in.

At Dirut there is a wasteway in the canal, through which the surplus water can flow back into the Nile. Just below the wasteway the division gates are located, and at this point the Yusef and two. The length of the Ibraimia Canal from Dirut to its lower terminus is about miles. It flows almost parallel to the Nile, and in no place is it over 2 or 3 miles from the river.

At Dirut the width of the canal on : the bottom is about 65 feet, and the slopes of its banks are 2 horizontal. The depth of water in the canal when full is about 30 feet. The water supplied to the Ibraimia Canal at Assiut serves to irrigate over 1, About , acres of this is i still irrigated under the ancient basin system.

The Yusef Canal supplies a number of basins along its course, but its principal duty is to furnish the Fayum province with water for perennial irrigation. The cross-section dimensions of this canal are I very irregular.

It averages about feet in width on the bottom and has a depth of about 20 feet. There are levees on each side, however, which enable it to carry 30 feet of water at high Nile. During May and June it carries about cubic feet of water per second. During high Nile the discharge is about 30, cubic feet per second. Dur- ing low water summer cultivation is prohibited along the canal except in the Fayum province. The entrance to this province is between two desert plateaus, and the low gap is closed by a dike which completely separates the province from the Nile Valley proper.

The Yusef Canal crosses this dike on a masonry structure composed of three arches. The Fayum province was formerly cultivated as the valley of the Nile had always been, but perennial irrigation is practiced at the present time, owing to the increased supply of water furnished by the canal. At the town of Medinet the canal separates into many smaller ditches, and a large part of the province is watered by these.

About , acres are cultivated in the province. The slope of the land in the Fayum is greater than in any other farming district of Egypt. All the land in the province drains into Lake Kerun, which is feet below the level of the Mediterranean. In the province of Minieh three canals divert water from the right bank of the river.

The three canals on the left bank are laterals of the Ibraimia Canal. These are quite important among the distributing works of the province. In the province of Benisouef six canals take water from the left and two from the right bank of the river. There is one important branch of the Ibraimia Canal in this province.

In the province of Gizeh three canals take water from the left and one from the right bank of the river. Below Cairo there are many canals Pls. X and XXIV.

The principal ones are those leaving the Nile at the barrage and the Ismailia Canal, which diverts water from the river at Cairo. The Egyptian Govern- ment entered into an agreement, with the Suez Canal Company to construct a navigable waterway from the Nile to some point on the Suez Canal. The canal was not only to be navigable, but was to be capable of furnishing fresh water to the towns along the main canal and the branch beginning at Ismailia and running parallel with the Suez Canal to the town of Suez.

In addition, the canal was to supply water for the irrigation of a considerable area ceded by the government to the company. The contract stipulated that the canal should be so con- structed as to contain 8 feet of water in depth during flood season of the Nile, 6' feet at mean discharge, and 31 feet at low water.

The canal has two head gates, the older one being in the city of Cairo. The second head gate is about 4- miles north of Cairo, from which point a branch canal 24 miles long connects with the main channel 54 miles northeast of Cairo. For some distance the canal runs northeasterly along the edge of the desert, after which it turns to the east through a gap in the desert hills and continues to the town of Ismailia. For some 40 miles from Cairo it runs above the level of the surrounding country, and the water is confined between two parallel embankments.

This has resulted in considerable seepage, which has destroyed large areas adjoining the canal. Some work has been done toward draining a por- tion of this country. Just before reaching Ismailia a branch of the canal takes off to the south and terminates at the town of Suez.

In digging the canal some traces of an ancient channel leading in the same direction were discovered. Historical accounts of an older canal have been found. About B. The length of the branch leading south from Ismailia to Suez is about 53 miles. The bottom width of the main canal is about 40 feet. The slopes are 3 to 1. The bot- tom width of the branch canal leading to Suez is only about 25 feet, but the channel was not well excavated and the width is not uniform.

In places it does not exceed 16 feet. Many important masonry struc- tures are found throughout the length of the canal.

Swing bridges are numerous, and substantial head gates and regulators are found wherever the discharge of the canal has to be changed. Owing to the depth to which the canal has been dug, and the necessity for keeping it cleaned out so that it will carry sufficient water for navigation dur- ing low stages of the Nile, large quantities of silt have to be removed each year. Formerly this deposit frequently amounted to , cubic yards each season.

It has been reduced to about , cubic 38 yards by partially closing the head gates of the main canal during high water and supplying it through the smaller canal already referred to, diverting water 4- miles north of Cairo.

Considerable work is required each year at the head gate of the supply canal. It is over a quarter of a mile from the bank of the river. The channel leading to this head gate fills with back water from the river during high Nile and immense quantities of mud are deposited.

Many of the canals in the delta are ancient river channels. Those taking water from the Nile at the barrage are artificial. Among these latter is the Manufia Canal frontispiece , which is one of the most celebrated in Egypt.

It furnishes water for the irrigation of nearly all the land in the delta lying between the two branches of the Nile. The head gate of the canal is similar in design to the barrage itself.

XI, fig. A lock has been provided at the head gate, and the canal furnishes an important waterway for the internal commerce of the delta. The canal is from to feet wide on the bottom, and at high water carries nearly 30 feet of water in depth. Its summer discharge is nearly 4,o00 cubic feet per second. The Tewfiki Canal diverts water from the Damietta branch of the Nile at the eastern extremity of the barrage.

It was begun many years ago, but was not finished until after the occupation by the English. It furnishes water for a large area lying east of the Dami- etta branch, and its construction has added greatly to the value of this region through the introduction of perennial irrigation. The Behera Canal leaves the Rosetta branch of the Nile at the western extremity of the barrage.

It is about 60 feet wide on the bottom, with slopes of 2 to 1. It runs for a considerable distance along the margin of the desert, hence receives large volumes of sand which, with the silt deposited during high Nile, have to be cleaned from the channel each year. Until recently nearly 1. The Behera Canal is about 25 miles long. It has about the same dimensions as the Behera Canal.

It supplies all the smaller canals to the north and west. The surplus water from the drainage of the land it serves flows into Lake Mareotis. The Mahmoudia Canal begins 34 miles from the barrage of the Rosetta branch of the Nile.

This canal runs for about 45 miles to the northwest and ends at Alexandria. It supplies fresh water for that city besides furnishing water for irrigating a large area. The Mahmoudia Canal has for a long time been supplied with water by means of immense pumps located at Atfeh.

Since the repair of the barrage the pumps of Katatbeh have been removed to Mex, i which station keeps down the level of Lake Mareotis. Nearly all large public works in Egypt have been constructed by the corvee See p. The system was much abused when the English began their occupation in As soon as possible some relief was afforded the corvie by direct appropriations, under which a part of those employed on public works were paid for their labor at a price fixed by the government.

These appropriations were increased until in all work of cleaning canals was paid for. Since that time the corvee has been called out only for the protection of the Nile levees during flood season, a period of from sixty to ninety days. While thou- sands of men are thus compelled to give their time without compensa- tion, it is for the public benefit, and the length of their service is short, seldom longer than fifteen or twenty days.

But little complaint is now heard, as the work is necessary and the. The time will doubtless come when this ser-ice will also be paid for. The manner in which the native digs or cleans canals is interesting. His one tool. The engineers measure the material which is to be removed, and each man or party excavates a certain section contain- ing a known yardage.

Frequently a number of men will work together, one using a hoe and the others carrying baskets holding FIG.. The earth is loosened and the baskets tilled by the use of the hoe. Where dry sand is encountered the hands are used to till these baskets.

Children are often seen carrying the baskets, but the hoe is nearly always handled by the men. Under this method of excavation canal sections are made smoother and more regular than under the methods commonly employed in the United States.

Steps of earth are left in the banks, enabling those carrying material to walk with considerable ease.

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Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Plantains: Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits. Nutritious Digestion Managing weight Antioxidants Heart health Versatile Find them Overview Plantains are the less sweet, starchier equivalent to the banana. This hidden superfood warrants a trip your local grocery. Read on to learn why. Share on Pinterest. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile.

Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. In This Article Expand. What Are Plantains? Plantains vs. Picking and Frying Ripe Plantains. Featured Video. Read More. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for thespruceeats. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data.

We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. These flowering plants grow large stems with overlapping leaf sheathes that give them a woody tree-like appearance, and in reality, they actually grow in a way more akin to herbs.

Plantains can be boiled, baked, or fried, both when ripe and in their green state. Each cooking method offers a unique experience. Green boiled plantains can be mashed and served in dishes like Mofongo , a traditional dish from Puerto Rico or flattened and fried to make a toston —delicious with a dash of salt and often served with cheese, pico de gallo , guacamole or a protein as an appetizer.

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Note: Ci reported product sales net of expenses in business activities. This is reported above in other income. Ci removed amortization on a pro-rata basis from program, administrative, and fundraising costs. We put children at the centre of all that we do, which means UNICEF helps children regardless of race, religion or politics.

This means that all our initiatives are scalable and many are adopted by host governments, creating a large multiplier effect for Canadian donor dollars as governments invest more in support services for children. In , we provided humanitarian assistance in emergencies in 96 countries, including natural disasters and armed conflicts.

During major crises, we are the lead organization for water, sanitation and hygiene, nutrition and co-lead on education, ensuring emergency response efforts meet stringent standards and are coordinated to ensure the most effective deployment of resources.

UNICEF is the largest collector of data on children, making us a global expert on all aspects of being a child. And we are in countries for the long run—before, during and after an emergency — making our ability to mobilize quickly and achieve impact second to none. For more information on Canadian charities, please visit www.

Charity Intelligence researches Canadian charities for donors to be informed and give intelligently. Today over , Canadians use our website as a go-to source for information on Canadian charities reading over 1. International Aid. Operating Charity. And we need and want highly qualified individuals in charge of a billion dollar organization, don't we? I'd be more afraid if the offices were filled with lower-paid workers who haven't worked abroad, worked in political offices, or worked in consulting.

I don't agree in spending a lot on marketing. Rating: 3. Here are the facts from their IRS form. So, they are not grossly a overpaid but a reasonably well paid bunch. Now I don't know the qualifications of the top 3 employees that make between K and K per year the latter figure is Caryl Stern's, the CEO , but these figures appear a bit high for a charity.

In conclusion, I have donated modestly to them for a number of years and will continue to do so. The internet email and Facebook posts that target this organization are incorrect and shameful. Rating: 2. We have recently started evaluating the excessive salaries being paid to these CEOs of "nonprofits.

Rating: 5. Many criticisms aimed at the UN as a whole are not without merit. However, the UN is a massive complex of many organizations that engage in a wide array of work. UNICEF is extremely transparent in it's activities and has saved countless lives since it was established. There are few organizations more worthy of charitable donations. Sounds like the kinds of things you read on tea party sites that attacks anything to do with the UN. Please check your info before you post it and attack an organization that does so much good in the world.

You should be ashamed of yourselves. I have donated modestly for some years. But have now stopped - and have directed the savings to other organizations with similar work but with directors who do not shamelessly rip of the good hearted. Marwa B.

There is a hoax email going around that claims that the CEO of Unicef makes more than a million dollars per year and other false claims about other charities, including false claims that the ceo's of organizations like the American Legion, VFW, DAV, etc. Also, I was very much put off by Unicef USF yesterday when I received a "free" unsolicited tote bag, so I do have some issues with how Unicef USF spends its money, and will make future donations directly to Unicef instead.

Less than 5 cents of your donated dollar goes to the cause. Goodwill is a very catchy name for his business. He pays nothing for his products and pays his workers minimum wage! Note: The absence of a score does not indicate a positive or negative assessment, it only indicates that the organization has not yet submitted data for evaluation.

This score provides an assessment of the organization's engagement with the constituents it serves, a practice we term Constituent Feedback. When organizations listen to constituents, they are able to better deliver on programs and meet the needs of stakeholders.

A future version of this Beacon will also assess an organization's people operations and its Diversity, Equity and Inclusion DEI metrics. Nonprofit organizations are encouraged to fill out the How We Listen section of their Candid profile. Constituent Feedback and Listening Practice data are not available for this organization. Charity Navigator believes nonprofit organizations that engage in inclusive practices, such as collecting feedback from the people and communities they serve, may be more effective.

We award every nonprofit that completes the Candid survey full credit for this Beacon, in recognition of their willingness to publicly share this information with the nonprofit and philanthropic communities.

Although the data is not evaluated for quality at this time, future iterations of this Beacon will include third party or other data that will serve to validate the information provided by the nonprofit.

Our partnership with Feedback Labs and Guidestar by Candid , and other partners including Fund for Shared Insight, GlobalGiving, and Keystone Accountability, enables us to launch the first version of this beacon with Constituent Feedback information collected on Candid's site.

Feedback practices have been shown to support better Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion outcomes, an essential area of assessment that we intend to further expand and develop in the future. Feedback Labs has documented several studies which indicate that beyond achieving organizational goals, nonprofits that are attentive and responsive to concerns and ideas raised by beneficiaries establish stronger relationships with the people they serve, promote greater equity, and empower constituents in ways that can help to ensure better long-term outcomes.

You can find resources to help nonprofits improve their feedback practices here. The Giving Basket is having a some issues.

If you wish to donate, please refresh the page. You are viewing this organization's new Charity Navigator profile page. To view the legacy version, click here. Star Rated Report. Financial Performance Metrics. Fundraising Expenses. Fundraising Efficiency. Working Capital Ratio. Program Expense Growth. Liabilities to Assets.

Program Expense. Program Expense Ratio Administrative Expenses 3. Fundraising Expenses 8. Liabilities to Assets Ratio Working Capital Ratio 0. Program Expense Growth 7.

Governance Charity Navigator looks to confirm on the Form that the organization has these governance practices in place. More The presence of an independent governing body is strongly recommended by many industry professionals to allow for full deliberation and diversity of thinking on governance and other organizational matters.

Our analysts check the Form to determine if the independent Board members are a voting majority and also at least five in number. Less No Material Diversion of Assets More A diversion of assets — any unauthorized conversion or use of the organization's assets other than for the organization's authorized purposes, including but not limited to embezzlement or theft — can seriously call into question a charity's financial integrity.

This metric will be assigned to one of the following categories: Full Credit: There has been no diversion of assets within the last two years. Partial Credit: There has been a diversion of assets within the last two years and the charity has used Schedule O on the Form to explain: the nature of the diversion, the amount of money or property involved and the corrective action taken to address the matter.

In this situation, we deduct 7 points from the charity's Accountability and Transparency score. No Credit: There has been a diversion of assets within the last two years and the charity's explanation on Schedule O is either non-existent or not sufficient. In this case, we deduct 15 points from the charity's Accountability and Transparency score.

More Audited financial statements provide important information about financial accountability and accuracy. Partial Credit: The charity's audited financials were prepared by an independent accountant, but it did not have an audit oversight committee. In this case, we deduct 7 points from the charity's Accountability and Transparency score. No Credit: The charity did not have its audited financials prepared by an independent accountant.

More Making loans to related parties such as key officers, staff, or Board members, is not standard practice in the sector as it may divert the charity's funds away from its charitable mission and can lead to real and perceived conflict-of-interest problems.

This practice is discouraged by sector trade groups which point to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act when they call for charities to refrain from making loans to directors and executives. And the IRS is concerned enough with the practice that it requires charities to disclose on their Form any loans to or from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and other "disqualified persons. Furthermore, it is problematic because it is an indicator that the organization is not financially secure.

Less Documents Board Meeting Minutes More An official record of the events that take place during a board meeting ensures that a contemporaneous document exists for future reference. Charities are not required to make their Board meeting minutes available to the public. As such, we are not able to review and critique their minutes.

For this performance metric, we are checking to see if the charity reports on its Form that it does keep those minutes. In the future, we will also track and rate whether or not a charity keeps minutes for its committee meetings. Less Distributes to Board Before Filing More Providing copies of the Form to the governing body in advance of filing is considered a best practice, as it allows for thorough review by the individuals charged with overseeing the organization.

The Form asks the charity to disclose whether or not it has followed this best practice. If the charity has not distributed its Form to the board before filing, then we deduct 4 points from its Accountability and Transparency score. Less Compensates Board More The IRS requires that any compensation paid to members of the charity's governing body be listed on the Form Furthermore, all members of the governing body need to be listed whether or not they are compensated.

It is not unusual for some members of the board to have compensation listed. The executive director of the organization frequently has a seat on the board, for instance, and is compensated for being a full time staff member. However, it is rare for a charity to compensate individuals only for serving on its Board of Directors.

Although this sort of board compensation is not illegal, it is not considered a best practice. Policies Charity Navigator looks to confirm on the Form , or for some metrics on the charity's website, that the organization has these policies in place.

More Such a policy protects the organization, and by extension those it serves, when it is considering entering into a transaction that may benefit the private interest of an officer or director of the organization.

What's this? Checking "Remember Me" will let you access your shopping cart on this computer when you are logged out Close. Close search. Log In Create Account. Chandelier Size Guide. Here are several general rules that apply to most spaces: 1.

This rule mainly apply to pendant style chandelier while not necessarily apply to ceiling style chandelier. Recommended for You. Sofary Lighting August 21, Denise Sayles August 21, Thanks stay safe, Duv C. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Featured Video. Read More. The very definition of timeless, classic geometric shapes will always have their place in the design world Whether you are looking for a lighting fixture to grace your foyer, set the tone in your dining room, or add character Your browser has Javascript disabled.

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Be the shoulder she leans on when wedding planning gets tough. For more wedding ideas and wedding planning tips, follow us on Instagram , Facebook , and Pinterest! How much do wedding DJs cost?

Where do you find the best one for the type of wedding you want to have? Read this guide for the answers you need! Want help choosing wedding invitations for your guests? Read this! We have 15 stylish wedding invitation ideas that you're going to love. Check it out! Looking for hip hop wedding songs to incorporate into your wedding day playlist? From bridal party entrance songs to first dances, here are our faves!

Bella Bridesmaids. But do you know what it actually means? What Is a Matron of Honor? What Does the Matron of Honor Do? Matron and maid of honor duties include: Lending the bride your ear and being her support system Assisting her if she decides to make DIY wedding favors or decorations Helping her shop for a wedding dress Organizing shopping trips for bridesmaid dresses , shoes, and accessories Helping her choose a flower girl gift , ring bearer gift , and bridesmaid gift for the other members of the bridal party Planning pre-wedding events Acting as the point person for guests on the wedding day All of these are duties that the entire bridal party can take part in.

How to Heat Canned Icing. All members of the wedding party are expected to pay their own travel and hotel expenses. Bridesmaids split the cost of a bridal shower with the maid of honor.

How to Support and Comfort Your Should a Mother of the Bride Buy a Gift Do a Bride's Parents Give a Wedding Calories in One Slice Provolone Cheese. Bachelorette Party Etiquette on Who to We've tapped wedding planners Betsy Krug and Lindsey Nickel to share their advice for making the most out of your maid of honor experience. Meet the Expert. Ahead, you'll find a list of all the maid of honor responsibilities a bride may expect of you before the wedding and during it. Take a peek below, and get ready for the experience of a lifetime.

Maid of honor is a big job, and it starts long before the wedding day—pretty much the minute you're asked. Here's what you need to do in the months leading up to the main event.

After being asked, the maid of honor should initiate a conversation with the bride to discuss how best she can support her during the wedding-planning process. Be open about personalities and decide if the bride will delegate and ask for help or if the maid of honor should periodically check in and offer support without being prompted.

Discuss the level of involvement and support upfront and be mindful of relationships the bride may need to navigate with family," Krug says. While your primary responsibility to the bride is to lend an extra set of hands, don't forget to pencil in some fun, too. From an afternoon spent getting mani-pedis to a full-blown girls' night out, the bride is first and foremost your best friend, and that's the role you should take most seriously during the planning process.

Before kicking off any planning for the bachelorette party or bridal shower, have a chat with the other bridesmaids to see how much they can afford to spend on these events. Don't assume they'll be able to cover the costs after you already have a girls' getaway to Cancun scheduled in the books. Ah, wedding dress shopping , perhaps the most anticipated event aside from the ceremony itself.

Help the bride say "yes" to the dress by accompanying her to dress fittings and providing her with your honest opinion. As she travels from fitting room to fitting room, offer to help zip her up and hang dresses back on their hangers. The last thing you want is to find out your dress won't arrive by the wedding day. Be sure to order it as soon as you can so that it arrives early for alterations and quality time in your closet.

Absorb as much wedding information as you can, and let the other bridesmaids, the bride's family members, and even guests turn to you with any questions they may have. This will save the bride a lot of time and the stress of responding to text messages and emails about where and when events are taking place.

Before deciding when and where the bridal shower and bachelorette party will be, ask the bride for a list of dates she's available. Then send out an online survey to the bridal party, so you can gauge when the most people will be available to attend. Connect all the other bridesmaids with an email icebreaker that introduces each of you and includes everyone's contact information.

That way, everyone can get a taste of who's who before the bachelorette party comes around. As the maid of honor, you'll be in charge of maintaining peace among the bridal party. On top of that, you'll be assigning tasks concerning any pre-wedding events and answering any questions the bridesmaids may have regarding the wedding-day itinerary.

Let the bridesmaids know they can come to you directly with any questions, comments, or concerns, and then you can jot them down, filter the ones you can answer out, and bring the rest to the bride when she has less on her plate. Does the bride need help addressing wedding invitations or DIY-ing her centerpieces or favors? Volunteer to help by planning a wedding DIY craft night, complete with her favorite bubbly.

Get ready to lead the charge when it comes to planning the bridal shower and bachelorette party. From reaching out to family members and bridesmaids to helping with the nitty-gritty of planning and keeping everyone's budgets in mind, you'll quickly become the bonafide expert party planner during the wedding process. Don't feel pressure to create an event just to be social media worthy," Krug says. For every wedding event you attend, bring along a pack of bridesmaid essentials like Advil, Band-Aids, hair ties, safety pins, and other last-minute mini-emergency items that are frequently needed.

If the bride decides to open gifts at her bridal shower, you'll want to be sure to keep track of who gave her what. Some brides opt to have only family members give speeches at their receptions. Others forgo speeches entirely. As the maid of honor, you should always be game to deliver a speech —and not embarrass her during it.

Start jotting down ideas months before the wedding and then spend a few weeks before the big day finessing it and putting everything together.

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Personalized Wedding Invitations. Shutterfly Community is here to help capture and share life's most important moments. Discover thoughtful gifts, creative ideas and endless inspiration to create meaningful memories with family and friends. Visit their Website.

You can follow on Instagram and Pinterest. Shop Trending Categories. Canvas Wall Art. Baby Shower Gifts. Miss Tamara Jasmine Hunter! Clean up this mess right now! Address the envelope to Mrs. Gary Belmont. Again, it was polite to wait for an invitation to drop the formal title before using their first name.

Still, it appears as an option on many official forms and documents. Interestingly, some newspaper editors avoid the issue by omitting titles and instead referring to men and women by their full names. However, newspapers usually retain the titles if they appear in a quote. The Telegraph. Santa Fe New Mexican.

Using permit practice tests can really help you be ready for the real thing! Set yourself up for success by preparing the night before your DMV permit exam. The morning of your real permit exam, make sure you have a good breakfast. If you have time you may even want to exercise, jog or take a brisk walk to get your oxygen and blood moving to that brain with all the right test answers waiting to come out.

For others, staying completely calm is the way to prepare for the test on the day of the exam. That could mean yoga or meditation, gardening or reading, but anything that keeps your mind and heart rate calmer. This may mean supportive friends, family members and loved ones, or it could also be people with information who can help you do well on your permit test. So, for those who are your nearest and dearest, have them help you study and also quiz you, especially in any areas you may be having problems.

It can also be a good idea, though, to have people who you can ask about road rules or about the permit test. Taking the free online practice permit test will give you an idea of what to expect when taking the real DMV permit test, but you can ask other people, too.

If you know of anyone who has recently taken the permit test, find out from them what to expect. Or, ask if they have any advice for not getting nervous about the test. Aside from studying and taking practice tests, very little can do as much for you as having the right outlook or attitude. If you happen to be missing any paperwork, arriving early may afford you the opportunity to retrieve them before the exam. Ultimately, you will be much more at ease if you have time to spare at the DMV.

Many students find that doing a light review of test material helps immensely on the exam. Zutobi is perfect for this — our study guides are available on all devices and provides a streamlined experience towards accessing and reviewing the material. Your nerves will get to you on the day of your exam. However, going into your written test thinking about failure will undoubtedly hurt your score. Remind yourself that you have prepared as much as possible for this specific moment.

Many students have a habit of trying to complete the written exam in the quickest amount of time. This can lead to questions that are read and answered incorrectly. Remember, the DMV offers no extra incentives for completing your exam quicker than your peers. After completion, review your answers before submitting the exam. But this will also be a no BS guide for how to study for the permit test if you have VERY little time left before your test.

Let me just start out by saying that it was not entirely my fault for only having 3 hours to study for my permit test. I did not know it was going to be that day. It was the end of summer, and at this point, I had supposedly studied all summer. But it was summer! I found every excuse I not sit down at my desk and actually study for my permit test.

She told me that the only other possible date was in three weeks. I told her that was perfect -- that was just enough time to learn everything I was supposed to have learnt about driving laws in the past two months.

I figured I needed two weeks minimum to study for my permit test -- so that left me another week before I had to start worrying about that. A spot just opened up at the DMV! You can go in at 2! I could tell my mom starting to become skeptical about how much progress I had actually made -- it wasn't like me to get cold feet about a test -- so after some failed negotiation to push back the test date, I agreed, but let her know that I really needed to cram and that I probably wouldn't pass.

The first thing I knew I needed to know were traffic signs -- that was one thing I could guarantee they would ask, so I decided to memorize all of the traffic signs in California first.

My assumption was right, and knowing these well paid off for the actual test. For that, I went to the DMV website and memorized all the most important signs. Because the test is multiple choice in the state of California at least , I knew I only needed to be familiar with them to score well. The second section I focused on were Right-Of-Way rules. Many of these rules are straight forward -- a pedestrian in a crosswalk or otherwise has right of way; pedestrian safety is always the priority; do not drive on sidewalks etc..

For me, I tried to speed-read through this section of handbooks to find the laws that weren't common sense and were important for me to memorize. Although it's important for you to review all these laws, here are some right-of-way laws that I found I needed to memorize. Bonus rules from personal experience People can be stupid.

Always make sure you make eye contact with the other drivers before assuming they know what you're doing also recommended by the DMV. If you are taking practice tests and getting stuck on certain questions, write down the questions and their answers.

You can take flashcards with you and do them on the bus or in a study hall. Take a Drivers' Education class. If drivers' education is too expensive or inaccessible, reading and understanding the manual will get you the same results. Be mindful when riding in the car. Pay attention to what drivers are doing and what signs are on the road. When the car is at an intersection, turning, or merging, try to think of what you would do next in that situation. If the driver does something different, ask them why.

Part 2. Choose a day to take your test. This way, you are not in a rush or taken by surprise. Make sure that you have a ride to and from the DMV. When choosing a time, try to pick an odd time the morning of a weekday, during working hours, etc. This will lead to shorter wait times, which should reduce your stress level. Check with your DMV office to see if you are able to schedule an appointment online or over the phone.

Making an appointment ahead of time will save you from any delays the day of the test. A good breakfast has a lot of protein, so eat meat, eggs, or soy protein. Get all your paperwork together before hand.

Check the DMV website to see what documents your state requires. You can also check other websites to see what most states require. You may need proof that you are in school, but it varies state to state, so be sure to double check.

Part 3. Stay calm. While you're waiting, remember to breathe. Smile at the people at the DMV. If you are friendly, they will be friendly as well, which should help you relax. Sit or stand tall, with your shoulders back. Take your time. The time limits are usually excessive.

It will be more valuable to think about your options than to rush. Read each question completely before answering. Keep your perspective. Plenty of people fail their permit tests, but they become drivers eventually. Take note of the questions you get stuck on, so that you do not repeat your mistakes.

Will the test get harder as it goes along, and what are the chances of me passing it? Sam Warren.

As children get older their tastes change. Parents choose the types of foods offered, children will decide how much they eat.

Don't force feedings! Offer food at 3 meals and 3 snacks think of "mini meals". Children need to eat small, frequent meals. Try to offer meals and snacks at the same time each day. Let your child feed himself with his hands. Toddlers typically start to use a fork and spoon between 15 and 18 months. Offer a cup at every meal. Encourage all fluids from a cup by 12 months of age. Offer soft, well-cooked vegetables or fruit.

This will encourage self-feeding. Feed your baby in a high-chair. Ask your pediatrician for guidelines on how much juice to serve your baby, if any. Breads and grains—the base of the food pyramid—should also be included in a 9-month-old feeding schedule. Babies readily eat cereal, cooked noodles, soft breads, and rice. It's just as easy to give them enough dairy, since babies this age still drink breast milk or formula daily. Don't forget to serve extra protein in the form of chicken, fish, beans, or eggs.

Make sure everything you serve to a young baby is soft—about the consistency of a ripe banana. As their first birthday approaches, you can start offering foods with more texture, such as sandwiches.

Avoid choking hazards like grapes, nuts, raisins, chunks of meat, hard candy, and marshmallows. Also, while prepackaged finger foods are easy to find, you should use them sparingly to avoid the extra sugar and preservatives. Make mealtime easy by using jarred or homemade baby food in innovative ways.

For example, instead of spooning pureed peas into their mouth, you might stir them into mashed potatoes or tiny cooked pasta. Jarred peaches can be swirled into unsweetened yogurt, pears become a pancake topping—you get the idea. You can also make any food baby-friendly by using a food processor or a steamer.

For instance, if you're making pasta with beans and broccoli for dinner, you can simply toss your baby's portion into the food processor.

The same process works with lasagna or cooked chicken and mashed potatoes. As you add new foods to your baby's diet, continue watching for allergies , as you did with jarred food and baby cereal. Introduce one new food at a time so you can quickly spot an adverse reaction. Your baby will make funny faces as they experiment with new tastes and textures, and they'll inevitably reject some meals along the way. Be patient—if couscous doesn't go over well one night, it might next week.

It also helps to adopt the motto "let it slide. Keep it that way by letting your child set the pace. You can continue breastfeeding for as long as you both want. As time goes on and your baby eats more solids, they may naturally want less breast milk or first infant formula. If you're breastfeeding, your baby will adapt their feeds according to how much food they're having. Formula-fed babies may need around ml of milk a day, but just use this as a guide.

Remember your baby's tummy is tiny and fills up quickly, so offer milk feeds after solids and don't force them to finish the bottle. During meal times, offer your baby sips of water from an open cup or a free-flow cup. Sweet drinks like squash, fizzy drinks, milkshakes and fruit juice can have lots of sugar, so avoid these to help prevent tooth decay — even baby and toddler drinks can be sugary. Get personalised emails for trusted NHS advice, videos and tips on your pregnancy week by week, birth and parenthood.

Back to What to feed your baby. Home Weaning What to feed your baby 7 - 9 months. Weaning Getting ready Ready or not? What to feed your baby Recipes and meal ideas Safe weaning. Share this page Facebook Pinterest Twitter Whatsapp. What to feed your baby.

Baby's age. Sign up for emails Get tips and advice on your baby's development, parenting and more sent to your inbox. Subscribe to Start4Life pregnancy, baby and toddler emails. Food groups Make sure you include a wide variety of the following food groups in your baby's meals. Baby should be getting protein, carbohydrates and fats in every meal.

How many wet diapers for a 9-month-old is healthy? About four or five very wet ones per day is considered ideal. What finger foods can I feed my 9-month-old? Nine-month-olds are working on their pincer grasp, so finger foods are a go. Offer their favorite soft-cooked veggies cut into small pieces, bits of banana or avocado, or tiny cooked pasta pieces. Can a 9-month-old eat eggs? Many parents of nine-month-olds ask about eggs.

The advice used to be to avoid giving babies eggs before their first birthday, but that recommendation has changed. Egg is a common allergen, and the old advice said egg yolk was okay around nine months but to wait to introduce the egg white which is more likely to cause an allergic reaction. But newer food allergy research suggests that it in fact might benefit baby to introduce common food allergens early and often. So the short answer is yes, you can give baby egg at 9 months, although you should always talk to your pediatrician before introducing potential allergens.

And as with introducing any new food, watch your baby for signs of an allergic reaction in the following days. Nine-month-old babies typically sleep about 14 to 15 hours per day.

Eleven hours of those are at night. About three hours are divided between two daytime naps. About 70 percent of 9-month-olds sleep eight to 12 hours at night without waking.

If you think your child needs a little extra nudging to start sleeping longer stretches, you might consider sleep-training. Sleep training a 9-month-old baby is totally doable. Sleep regression is common among 9-month-old babies. Because your child is learning new skills, such as crawling, pulling up to stand and cruising, they might decide they want to practice them… in the middle of the night.

Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Your Money. Personal Finance.

Your Practice. Popular Courses. Business Company Profiles. Compare Accounts. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation.

This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. Related Articles. Partner Links. Related Terms Penetration Pricing Penetration pricing is a marketing strategy implemented to draw customers to a new product or service. How Brick-and-Mortar Stores Are Performing and Adapting The term "brick-and-mortar" refers to a traditional business that offers its products and services to its customers in an office or store, as opposed to an online-only business.

Narrow Economic Moat Definition A narrow economic moat is a competitive advantage that one company enjoys over competing firms operating in the same or similar type of industry. Disruptive Innovation Definition Disruptive innovation describes innovations that make products and services more accessible, affordable, and available to a larger population. Whole Foods Market constantly updates their website and provides helpful links about the basics of organic foods , healthy eating , a comprehensive food guide on lots of ingredients , to name just a few.

Many educational resources recipes, cooking tips, local initiatives, etc. Whole Foods Market cares about my needs as a customer. What initially attracted me to Whole Foods Market years ago was 1 their bulk foods section, 2 their amazing selection of cheeses, and 3 the pasta of all shapes and sizes.

Whole Foods Market also makes this whole "organic foods" shopping experience very attractive and sexy via welcoming store designs and friendly, educated staff. And, I just love their ever-expanding Everyday Value brand, which offers more and more organic, natural products at amazingly affordable prices! Another Whole Foods Market resource not to overlook is their extensive recipe collection , including recipes via Pinterest and Facebook.

I care about whether or not my food has GMOs, and Whole Foods Market is the first national grocery chain that committed to label all food products in its US and Canadian stores to indicate whether they contain Genetically Modified Organisms GMOs by - while it's not even required by law!

Whole Foods Market has the highest quality standards for both farmed and wild-caught seafood. I love seafood and have quite a few fish and shellfish recipes on my blog and on a dedicated Seafood Recipes Pinterest Board. Fish is such an important part of our diets, as it is high in omega-3 fatty acids, or the "good" fats, which are important for our cardiovascular health, for tissue inflammation, and many other health benefits.

Whole Foods Market sells 2 types of seafood: wild-caught and farmed. Their wild-caught fish is rated for sustainability taking into account overfishing or harming other marine life. Their farmed seafood standards are the highest in the industry: antibiotics, growth hormones, preservatives like sulfites and phosphates, genetically-modified seafood, and land animal by-products in feed are all prohibited.

All meat sold at Whole Foods Market meat counter is from animals raised without hormones and antibiotics. I like the peace of mind of knowing that the beef, poultry, or pork that I buy are from animals raised without hormones, antibiotics, and that Whole Foods Market standards prohibit animals' byproducts in the animals' feed. Gluten-Free foods selection. Whole Foods Market even publishes a constantly updated list online of all gluten-free products for each particular store which makes shopping even easier.

Whole Foods Market loves local, like I do. Whole Foods Market supports local farmers by expanding and creating new markets for organic products.

It also supports local producers via loan programs. Whole Foods Market supports hard-working people both in local communities and globally. Local impact. Global Impact. Every week, usually on Wednesday, your local Whole Foods store will announce its general sale items yellow signs and Prime-exclusive sale items blue signs.

To get the discount, shoppers must download the Whole Foods Market app, log in with their Prime account, and have the code scanned on their phones at checkout.

The Whole Foods app will also alert you to those exclusive weekly deals, virtual coupons, events at your local store, and specials. You can also save money at Whole Foods by buying in bulk. You'll need to ask what constitutes a "case," as it can vary by store. A a case of wine, for example, might be as few as six bottles. At the meat counter, look out or ask for value packs large quantities of meat that are bundled together and sold at a discount and freeze whatever you can't use by the expiration date.

And yes, this includes packaged items from the shelves — not just fresh food from the counters and produce section. Speaking of the counters, most Whole Foods stores have a plethora of them — a butcher, a fish counter, a cheese counter, sushi bar, bakery, you name it. The employees at these counters are friendly, skilled, and there to help at no extra charge.

Fish mongers will peel, devein, and debone fillets for you. Experts behind the cheese counter will cut a custom-sized block or select pairings for a cheese plate. The bakery will slice loaves of bread. Taking advantage of these free services at the store will save both time and energy once you get home.

Changing the direction and intensity of your shadows can create a variety of lighting scenarios. Professional reflector kits are foldable discs. They come in gold, silver, white or black. You can use them interchangeably, depending on your lighting scenario.

You can also DIY your reflectors by using poster board, styrofoam, or cardboard for the same purpose. Use a grey card to determine the correct exposure and make sure that the whites in your images look white. A scene that is very bright or very dark will not match this standard.

A grey card will help you by providing a standardized reflectance target. All you have to do is place it in your scene at the same angle as your lens and take a shot. This will help you later when you are adjusting the white balance in Lightroom. You can click on the grey card with the eyedropper tool to get the c orrect white balance reading. Light intensity varies with the distance from the light source. The closer you are to your light source, the brighter the light.

And light intensity falls off as distance from the light source increases. Inverse Square Law is a simple and straightforward principle of physics. And the best part about it is that it can help you learn how to take professional pictures. This law states that the intensity of light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. And now in English. The same formula works in the opposite direction.

To put this in photographic terms. Doubling the distance between the light source and your subject reduces the brightness by two stops. And halving the distance between the light source and subject increases the brightness by two stops. So your images look different on your laptop screen than they do on your phone or your desktop computer. This has everything to do with monitor calibration.

Calibration ensures that your monitor is showing the real colour, saturation, and brightness of your images. It does this by making a colour profile, which you need to update often. If you are editing or shooting in a room with a lot of daylight, you cannot see your monitor accurately. The reflection of light on your screen will make a huge difference. You can use a monitor calibration tool such as that by ColorMunki to solve this.

I calibrate my monitor for each shoot I do. The digital file is equal to a film negative in the sense that it needs to be processed. A RAW file in particular lacks contrast and will look flat without editing. Learning the basics of Lightroom editing will improve your photography. And there are a lot of resources online that can help you with the ins-and-outs of the program.

You can quickly learn how to edit photos like a professional. RAW gives you so many more options when it comes to editing, and with that comes creative freedom. Choose one tip and experiment with it or investigate it further. Photography is an inseparable combination of technical skill and creativity. In fact, the more you understand, the more it will enhance your creativity. You will be able to get the most out of your camera and create images that reflect your photography vision.

For almost all the best photos taken on smartphones, the answer is editing, using a number of photography apps. From cropping to color correcting, small tweaks can make the difference between a forgettable snapshot and a truly great photograph. Today the process for improving a photo is incredibly easy. There is an app for almost any photo editing you want to do. Here are 10 favorite photo-editing apps, according to some of the most successful photographers on social media:.

With Snapseed, you can straighten, sharpen and color correct easily. The app also has filters that you can use to stylize your photos. Snapseed is free for iOS and Android. VSCO dominated the film-inspired filters shortly after Instagram first gained popularity, and is still a classic favorite among Instagram users. VSCO provides a plethora of filters and tools to edit photos.

If you find a group of editing settings that you particularly enjoy, you can copy and paste them onto photos, making it easy to edit clusters of images in a cohesive way. For people who are just starting out, I always recommend learning the exposure triangle ISO, exposure time and aperture and learn how those three components work together.

Experiment with different settings and see what happens. Reformat your card and start over again. Waste some pixels in order to learn those basics. I bought my 5DmkII almost five years ago now, and I have no idea where the manual is. Agency need a good picture from me. The way you teach us feel listening to a class without any boring. Makes more interesting to learn Photography skills. HI just bought a cannon 70 d upgrade from my D, interesting reading some comments about getting good lens than a new camera , just what the guy in the shop said looking at the quality of pictures.

Being mainly an amateur and having not really spend time with the manual and settings on the previous camera ,really appreciate a comment above Dennis P. I think learning the difference between the snaps under different settings is important,. Like wise learning to take the same snaps in different lighting especially outdoor settings.

Just a question? What editing program do you use to edit photos like these? Kara Riley — Almost every pro photographer I know uses Lightroom for most of their editing. Definitely, this post is very effective for the photographers. You are targeting on some vital things about photo. This helps us to make a photo more attractive and real. Thank you,. When I take photos I often focus too much on making them interesting, weird, or funny.

I love taking photos of my daughters dress up parties. How much of this kind of stuff can be fixed with photoshop? I just wanna say this has been so helpful, to me and my kids. Not for you but for your kids, also, the future. How they used to look when were younger, how they changed, do they still look the same? Sir, when we click a portrait behind a landscape, do we position the person in the center of the image or any side? Sir, when we click a portrait with landscape as background, do we position the person in the center of the image or any side?

I am new to photography and I am attempting to open an Etsy shop so I can make a living selling online. I am however, having trouble with the photography portion of this experience. Not all of my photos are bad, but I am using a professional lighting soft box-just one to light up my jewelry in a lifestyle shot.

It is doing the opposite and making the jewelry appear dark and everything else appears sort of colorless and washed out. Changing your camera's lens is a quick way to radically alter the type of pictures you can take. A basic adjustable lens can help you take professional-looking photos in many different settings.

However, if you want to focus on a specific photography style, you can significantly improve your results by finding the appropriate lens. A tripod is an affordable way to improve the quality of the pictures that you take. In addition to allowing you to trigger the shots remotely, a tripod keeps your camera steady to avoid blurry photos.

Although most modern cameras can produce professional-looking photos, it's important to remain within the limits of your equipment or experience. If you find that you're struggling to create the image you're looking for, it may be time to assess your current setup for potential upgrades. Getting the right lighting is the most effective way to transform a picture from everyday quality to professional quality.

Lighting allows your subjects to pop, makes your images more dynamic and helps you set a specific mood. Mastering lighting is one of the most important skills you can learn to improve the quality of the pictures you take.

If you're new to using lighting to enhance your photos, these tips can help you improve your skills:. Using the sun to light your subjects is the quickest way to light a scene, and you should always try to maximize the benefit of natural light.

The best natural light for photographs occurs in the hour following sunrise and the hour preceding sunset, known as the golden hour. The key to a professional headshot is ensuring that there are no harsh shadows on your subject.

A headlamp facing your subject, assisted by a softer fill light to balance out shadows, creates an attractive portrait. Although it is generally advised to keep light sources behind you, by positioning your subject between you and a strong light source, you can create an eye-catching and professional silhouette shot. When using natural lighting, you lose control of the direction of your light source.

A reflector is an effective way to redirect the direction light is striking your subject to help fill in your lighting profile. Too much direct light on a subject creates distinct shadows. While this can be useful, if you want to lessen the effect, placing a diffuser on your lights, or positioning one to catch natural light, prevents direct light and makes shadows more gentle. The way you position subjects in your picture is a crucial factor in taking a professional photograph.

When framing a shot, the choices you make can make your image more visually interesting, make the final product more appealing or even tell an entirely different story than a shot with slightly different framing. The best way to improve your framing is to practice. As you take more shots and try different framing techniques, this concept will come to you more naturally. Here are some tips you can use to frame your shots effectively:.

When lining up your shot, pay attention to everything that is in the frame, and remove as much unnecessary distraction from your intended focus as possible. One thing that makes professional shots stand out is that they show the world from an interesting point of view. Look for ways to find new angles that you might not have considered before, such as climbing up onto a stepladder to take a picture from a higher angle.

This can be particularly useful when taking an interesting picture of a person if you want more than just a simple headshot.

To some degree, this is good for you, because urinating literally flushes out your waste. But just how much is too much peeing? If you're outside your normal realm for trips to the bathroom, you may need to figure out what changed in your lifestyle that could be giving you the urge so often, or if that's elusive, see your doctor for an exam. Jamin Brahmbhatt, M. Yet, for the most part six to eight times is the sweet spot and in the normal range. Men with prostate problems or neurologic diseases, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are more prone to this condition as well, he says.

When you suffer from OAB, you lack the ability to hold urine in. Posina adds. OAB might leave you tossing and turning, with frequent trips to the bathroom throughout the night. And a UTI can lead to symptoms of an overactive bladder, says Dr. Most men get bladder infections because they are not peeing as often as they should, but they can also arise from constipation, recent surgeries in the urinary tract, kidney stones, or having unprotected anal sex, he says.

Men with shorter urethras are more susceptible to this condition. Antibiotics can help clear up most urinary tract infections. While a UTI might be caused by an infection and can easily be treated with antibiotics, interstitial cystitis is a longer-term condition that is not as easily treatable.

Because IC is thought to be an autoimmune condition, certain immunosuppressive medications, such as Cyclosporine, have been successfully used to treat it. Frequent urination is often an early symptom of diabetes, as the body is attempting to get rid of unused glucose through the urine, says Christopher Hollingsworth, M. UTIs are common in women and girls.

Additional symptoms typically include a burning sensation while urinating, as well as occasional fever, lower back pain , blood in urine, or foul-smelling urine.

Diabetes Frequent urination can be a sign of uncontrolled type 1 or type 2 diabetes. When diabetes is not controlled, excess sugar causes more fluid to pass from the kidneys into urine. Uncontrolled diabetes is the most frequent cause of polyuria, or urinating more than normal.

Additional signs may include excessive thirst and hunger, weight loss, fatigue, vision problems, and mood changes. Frequent urination can cause dehydration and lead to serious kidney problems, or diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma, conditions that can be life-threatening. Prostate problems An enlarged prostate can cause the contraction of the bladder and affect urine flow. Also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia , a noncancerous enlarged prostate is the most common cause of frequent urination in men over age Additional symptoms may include difficulty urinating, dribbling of urine, getting up frequently at night to urinate, and a sense that urination is incomplete.

Pregnancy Frequent urination during pregnancy is not a sign of any medical problem, and it usually occurs during the last few months of pregnancy. A growing uterus and fetus put pressure on the bladder, which must be emptied more often.

This may also cause urine to leak during a sneeze or cough. Pregnant women are also at increased risk for urinary tract infections. Additional medical causes of frequent urination can include: 6. Certain medications can also cause frequent urination. Sedatives and muscle relaxants including Valium diazepam , Librium chlordiazepoxide , and Ativan lorazepam can also cause frequent urination.

Sometimes toilet-trained children begin to urinate more frequently than normal during the day, as often as every few minutes. This condition is called pollakiuria and can be caused by stress; other times there is no identifiable cause. The condition is usually harmless and will resolve within a few weeks or months. If the child experiences none of these additional symptoms and their doctor also suspects they have pollakiurua, the St.

To determine whether you have polyuria, the doctor may measure how much you urinate in a hour period. If your doctor suspects you have a urinary tract infection or a prostate infection, they may take a urine sample and conduct a urinalysis.

They may also conduct a cystoscopy to view the inside of your bladder or an ultrasound to inspect your bladder or other organs. Already a member? Login ». As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content.

Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.

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